Family Approach Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Family Approach Research Paper Essay Abstract This research paper will in detail find influences donating to the degeneration of African American marriages, increase of African American divorces, and how structural family therapy can impact it. Structural Family Therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin and his associates in the 1960s due to the growing curiosity in alternative ways of hypothesizing suffering and familial dilemmas. Structural family therapy is reinforced by an undoubtedly expressed model of family functioning, and has been developed and used reliably in counseling sessions for children and their families (Ginginch Worthington, 2007, 343). Also, this report will examine what can be done to change this disturbing status amongst African American families. Monetary, emotional, and cognitive stability are a few of the common reasons and profits of marriage. Studies have discovered that marital couples in contrast to unattached couples are better-off, healthier, less stressed, and tend to live well into their mid-80s (Pindgerhughes, 2002, p. 269). Thus, there are numerous welfares of being married; it could be assumed that matrimony would be a shared objective for most citizens regardless of race. However, studies have publicized a radical deterioration of marriages inside the African American families alongside an increase in separations. African Americans are the least expected to wed, when they wed, they complete this task later in life, spending a smaller amount of time wedded than White Americans, and are more likely to become divorced. Keywords: African American, Marriages, Structural Family Therapy, Minuchin Family Approach Research Paper African American Marriages There is a strong importance for research of the state of African American and marriage because there have been major changes from past African Americans’ marriages relating to this major decline. According to the National Center on African American Marriage and Parenting’s (NCAAMP) Marriage Index, in 1970, 70.3% of African Americans were wedded and those ratios steadily fallen about 61% in 1982, 51.2% in 1992, 38.9% in 2003, and  41.7% in 2010. The rate is declining so noticeably that marriage has been referred to as an â€Å"alternative life† for African Americans (Dixon, 2009). The NCAAMP’s marriage index exposed the proportions of wedded Americans which comprises 77.8% in 1970, 70.1% in 1980, 59.3% in 1990, 62% in 2000, and 59.7% in 2008. An assumption can be drawn from the above Marriage index reports that there is certainly an important variance between all married Americans and married African Americans along with a change in rates of matrimony fr om 1980 to modern periods. Additionally, the declining rates of marriage, African Americans seem to be at greater hazard for matrimonial instability (Dixon, 2009, p. 30). Many of these influences are related to high male imprisonment, low sew ratio, poverty, uncertainty toward marriage and premarital sex. Rendering to research, there are numerous dynamics affecting the decline in marriages and rise of divorces among African Americans. These influences can be characterized as organizational, ethnic, individual, and interactive. Organizational issues as economic and demographic are most commonly focused on during the course of history. The extreme sex ratios between African American males and females have emotional impact on the African American nuptial rates (Rowe, 2007, p. 19). In 2003 there were an estimated 1.8 million more African American females in the population than males (U.S. Census, 2005 Pinderhuges, 2002, 269). Another donating feature is the high confinement and mortality rate of African American males (Hill, 2006, p. 421). African American males make up about seven percent of the populace but over fifty-one percent of the prison population (DuCille, 2009, p. 605). Furthermore, the desire to marry women of different races and choosing homosexual lifestyles contribute to the African American marriage rates. Another major issue that makes African American males less desirable for marriage is their struggles of the workforce. The joblessness rate among African American males has been consistently twice that of White American men from the time of the 1930s (Holland, 2009, p. 113). Research has also discovered that companies show negative opinions of African American men comprising that they are indolent, unreliable, deceitful, contain little work ethic, drag their feet, have deprived verbal skill and many others characteristics. Consequently, these men do not have the capability to deliver for their families also make African American men postpone marriage and also become regarded as less  wanted to espouse by the female population. The second sort of factor studied is ethnical. There has been shifting cultural trends disturbing African American marriage. The sexual revolt, gay and lesbian efforts, and activist movement are activities that distress wedding rates. Forty years ago, sex without marriage was not acceptable, but now it is a communal standard of culture. The feminist movement allowed women to obtain advanced positions in the labor force declining their dependence on males, triggering them not to marry or endure unhappy marriages. And, unconventional lifestyles were presented through the gay and lesbian population (LaTaillade, 2006, p. 327). Moreover, living together (cohabitation) is a cumulative behavior particularly within the African American community. Historically, living with a partner before marriage was unacceptable, but is now widespread among African Americans and many other races. In contemporary times, individuals are determining on gaining independence before becoming married (Dixon, 2009, p. 31). The mass media industries and the way relationships are depicted on television and through music contribute to the marriage decline. Because of the support of extended family networks, divorce may seem less detrimental, making it more of an option when marriages are faced with challenges among African Americans (Hill, 2006, p. 439). Individual factors are tided in by considering individuals’ desire to marry, features they look for in spouses and what makes them commit to a relationship. For an individual to get marry the desire to be married has to be present. One study found that when compared to White American men, African American men, anticipate less improvement from marriage in their sex lives and personal friendships and these account for most of the difference in the desire to marry (Holland, 2009, 107). The mate desired characteristics and expectation of marriage and whether it is realistic plays a major role in marriage. Similar to other cultures, African Americans generally believe in the husband being superior economically, educationally and acts as the provider of the family. Unfortunately for African American women, when compared to African American men, they are more likely to attend college and to marry someone below their educational and professional status. This pattern of education continues as two-thirds of African American college graduates are women (Hill, 2006, p. 423). The desire to commit is another donating factor in related to marriage. Recent studies  have revealed the beliefs of African American males having the incapacity to pledge to an eternal relationship. Lastly, as stated above separation rates are greater amongst African Americans than another culture. The features cited directly above are funding to these separation rates as well as African American not having the means to allow them to uphold vigorous long-lasting relationships. Studies have also displayed that the African American population is less expected to pursue marriage therapy adding to the state of African American divorce rate currently. Structural Family Therapy Structural family therapy (SFT) is a counseling technique of therapy developed by Salvador Minuchin which addresses problems in functioning inside a family. Structural Family Therapists attempt to pass in, or connect, the family in therapy in order to understand the boundaries and rules which oversees its effectiveness, record the associations between family members or amongst subsystems of the family, and eventually interrupt dysfunctional relations within the household, triggering it to become stable into healthier arrangements. Minuchin states that dysfunction does not rest in the singular identification, but within the entire family system. Minuchin’s tactic is originated on the interrelationship of the entire, and the foundation that individuals cannot be detached from the whole. Therefore, Minuchin assumed that a change in the conduct of one household member will necessitate a consistent transformation in the behavior of other family member. Duplicate roles can affect the ability for a mother to parenting effectively. For example, a mother attempting to a both a parent and a friend or a father that was forced to raise his younger siblings (Rowe, 2007, p, 23). Structural therapists view the facilitation of structural variations in the dysfunctional family as the main objective, supposing that individual behavioral modifications as well as lessening of altercations will follow as the framework for the family’s communication changes (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013, p. 329). The structural family model expresses families as systems and subsystems, roles and rules (flexible and adaptable to changes), boundaries, power, and hierarchy. Minuchin defines a functional family as one unit with clear boundaries between individuals and subsystems, promotes growth, and prevents  interruption. The primary objective when utilizing Minuchin’s model is assisting the family to change its structure or its organization. For instance, he stated that establishing a structure in which members and subsystems are clearly differentiated from one another and hierarchically integrated. Minuchin and other structuralists perceive standard family life as always altering and as a result endlessly creating adjustments to altering circumstances. What distinguishes functional from dysfunctional families is the flexibility in functional families to change or modify its structure to adjust to changing life cycle stages or to adjust to role changes or situational crises. The clarity of boundaries between subsystems within the family, and an effectively functioning spousal subsystem, help ensure stability despite changing conditions (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013, p. 472). Due to a recent mounting body of empirical evidence, studies continue to verify the value of structural family therapy. This method it was widely evaluated during the 1980s by radical novelists and during the 1990s by those interested in the allegations of a social constructionist point of view. Structural family therapy continues to progress in response to experiments built from within the systemic field, and as part of integrative practice and multisystem approaches, with practitioners ever mindful of the need for regular feedback from family members themselves (Rowe, 2007, p. 21). By 1965, Minuchin had become director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic, originally in the heart of the African American ghetto, where he focused on intervention techniques with low- income families (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013, p. 130). The structural approach to therapy has been critiqued and has withstand various experiments from disbelievers; nevertheless, it has withstood throughout the years. Personal Integration The trial of integrating Christian and non-Christian clients fluctuates between different counselors. When clients unambiguously expressed a want for Christian counseling, for example, if a client initiates a prayer within a counseling session. The Bible frequently assists clients to absorb; the implementation of scriptures can inspire progression within the session. Between sessions homework examining particular biblical themes likewise inspire development. For instance, our Worthington text states that the use  of interventions make change sensible, and thus increases hope. Such interventions can involve physical manipulations, behavioral actions or interactions or making physical products (such as reports, written lists or tapes) that are completed and verbally processed. Worthington (2005) also stated that any theory of marital counseling can be used along with the counselor’s favorite techniques. The requirements of integration are increased hope and willpower, fit within the strategic framework, and make change sensible to clients (p. 262). I believe that the frequency of use of scriptures should be guided by the consumer’s articulated openness. Although traditionally I am trained as a counselor not to reference spirituality or religion unless it is first stated by the client, I believe that many consumers who are not currently attending church would be reassured when I fling open that door. After which they can be provided the opportunity to walk through the door, lock it, or leave it partly open to be entered once ready. If my clients were to inquire for details on my beliefs, I would openly speak about my spiritual journey but also specify that I still have a ways to go. Conversely, this does not take the practice of preaching on my individual Christian principles, or persisting them to trust what I have faith in. In addition, I could look for openings to propose the matter of religiousness and faith in an overall sense as a portion of my holistic approach; I would like to reassure my clienteles to discover the notion that stability in emotional and mental remedies are not exclusively associated with the rectifying of a particular issue; rather, comprehensiveness in therapeutic healing must integrate the multiple magnitudes of the client. With this instruction and initial outline, it would be up to my client to make the decision to discover how their faith and current behavior are correlated to the complications that have been facing and how their spiritual philosophies influence their mental and physical healing. Studies proposes, that it is highly probable that counselors greatly misjudge â€Å"the sum of consumers that are experiencing faith-based problems due to† consumers â€Å"frequently misguided norms that religious concerns were not suitable for conversation† in conditions that were not plainly defined as Christian therapeutic settings (Worthington Jr, 2005, p. 262). Spiritual Genograms In this course, I began to understand how past generational beliefs can still impact my current viewpoint with assumptions and predisposition. As a result, I believe that it would be important for my clients to understand their spiritual journey on both a personal and generational level. During this course, we complete a genogram in order to observe certain behavioral and health patterns; however, I would like to integrate spiritual â€Å"family trees† into my counseling sessions. Spiritual histories, spiritual lifemaps, spiritual genograms, spiritual ecomaps, and spiritual ecograms are five harmonizing assessment approaches that have recently been developed to highlight different aspects of clients spiritual lives. Spirituality can be agreed as the client’s connection with (their) God, and religious beliefs can been understood as flowing from spirituality, the open expression of the spiritual bond in specific views, approaches, and principles that have been established in a community with other individuals who hold similar experiences of transcendence (Hodges, 2005). Consequently, spirituality and religion are similar yet present differences. Therapists must understand that a single assessment approach is not ideal for all consumers and circumstances. The assessment tools examined in this article was purposefully designed to highlight different aspects of clients spiritual worldview. In a counseling session, these assessment methods can become a useful resource to providers that require assistance with clients handling with challenging issues. These interventions can be used as coping strategies since the user can visibly see their peer support networks on paper. Spiritual assessments are beneficial for clients that have misplaced their connection with God; spiritual ecograms permits the user to see where their spiritual journey is currently and where it used to be. For example, it may benefit clients with major depressive symptoms to recognize support organizations such as professional group memberships, church, and household. An alternative intervention to complete this task would be spiritual ecomaps. Counselors geared with this assessment, can assist their clients survey their previous and existing domestic and faith-based support systems. Subsequently, some assessment approaches will be implemented more effectively in some situations but preferably these assessments are seamless for clients that have gone astray. Various assessments can be used to meet the needs of the client; however, certain assessments may be more operative  with some clients than others. Consequently, the therapist must primarily evaluate the clients’ needs and what they wish to gain from counseling. This will support the therapist in selecting a suitable spiritual intervention approach. If I am offered a client that desires to change to a diverse faith but it religiously disorganized, I would implement spiritual genograms. This intervention would aid counselors to view if the clients’ preceding descendants all practiced the same religion. Accordingly, I could determine that the client has an admiration for customs which is producing the spiritual misperception. A consumer may want to change to a different spiritual belief system but does not want to insult their families; this approach can be paired with spiritual ecograms; letting them to evaluate their previous and current rapport with God. After assessing their support systems and their spiritual journey, the client could productively create the judgment on whether to alter their religion or not; the therapist should not make this choice for them. In my opinion, couples should undergo marriage education and counseling before being able to marry. My marriage and family counseling session would contain the data of African American marriages since couples need to have insight on the problem in order to prevent from being a part of the problem. Hence, unions would gain awareness on the low marriage and high divorce rates within the African American community. Thereafter, perhaps these marriages would fight harder for their marriages and maintaining their families. Conclusion In conclusion, couples receiving education on the state of African Americans marriage and divorce along with counseling prepare them with the utensils required to maintain a healthy marriage. I believe that any union seeking assistance would profit with these counseling technique both prior and during the course of marriage. Additionally, I also have faith that this these methods can produce an upsurge in couples getting and/or staying married and a reduction in the shockingly elevated rates of African American divorces. References Berenson, S.K. (2011). Should Cohabitation Matter in Family Law?. Journal of Law Studies, 13(2), 289-328. Burton, L.M., Winn, D., Stevenson, H., Clark, S. (2004). Working with African American Clients: Considering the â€Å"Homeplace† in Marriage and Family Therapy Practices. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 30(4), 397-410. Clarkwest, A. (2006). Premarital Characteristics, Selection into Marriage, and African American Marital Disruption. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(3), 361-380. Dixon, P. (2009). Marriage Among African Americans: What Does the Research Reveal?. Journal of African American Studies, 13(1), 29-46. DuCille, A. (2009). Marriage, Family, Other â€Å"Peculiar Institutions† in African American Literary History. American Literary History, 21(3), 604-617. Gingrich, F., Worthington Jr, E. L. (2007). Supervision and the integration of faith into clinical practice: Research considerations. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 26(4), 342-355. Goldenberg, H., Goldenberg, I. (2013). Family therapy: An overview (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brookes/Cole. Hill, S. A.(2006). Marriage Among African American Women: A Gender Perspective. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(3), 421-440. Hodge, D. R. (2005). Developing a Spiritual Assessment Toolbox: A Discussion of the Strengths and Limitations of Five Different Assessment Methods. Health Social Work, 30(4), 314-323. Holland, R. (2009). Perceptions of Mate Selection for Marriage Among African American, College- Educated, Single Mothers. Journal of Counseling Development, 87(2), 170-178. Kostenberger, A. J., Johns, D. W. (2004). God, marriage, and family: Rebuilding the biblical foundation. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books. ISBN: 9781581345803. Leslie, L. A., Letiecq, B.L. (2004). Marital Quality of African American and White Partners in Interracial Couples. Personal Relationships, 11(4), 559-574. Marsh, K., Darity Jr., W.A., Cohen, P. N., Casper, L.M., Salters, D. (2007). The Emerging Black Middle Class: Single and Living Alone. Social Forces, 86(2), 735-762. Martin, T. L., Bielawski, D. M. (2011). What is the African American’s Experience Following Imago Education?. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 51(2), 216-228. Mc. Clain, C. (2011). Family Stories: Black/ White Marriage During the 1960s. Western Journal of Black Studies, 35(1), 9-21. Pinderhughes, E. B. (2002). African American Marriage in the 20th Century. Family Process, 41(2), 269. Rowe, D. M. (2007). Marriage and Fathering: Raising Our Children Within the Context of Family and Community. Black Scholar, 37(2), 18-22. Worthington, E. (2005). Hope focused marriage counseling: A guide to brief therapy. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press.

Google Company Motivation Theory

Google Company Motivation Theory Google company is an American multinational corporation. Google company also provides Internet-related products and services, including software, internet search, advertising technologies, and cloud computing. Google founders are Larry Page and Sergey Brin with both attended Stanford University. Since Google was founded in September 4,1998, it grown to serve hundreds of thousands of customers and users around the world. It is initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. Google name is by Larry and Sergey searching from engine. It is a play on the world googol, is from the mathematical term for a one followed one hundred zeros. Google company founded in Menlo Park, California, U.S. In 2004 on April Fools Day, Google release Gmail. Gmail approach to email included many features like threaded messages, speedy search, huge amounts of storage. Google acquired online video sharing site is YouTube in 2006. Video are uploaded to site every minute. The company provides online productivity software including social networking, email and an office suite. Google products develop to the desktop as well, with organizing and editing photos, instants messaging and applications for web browsing. Development of the Android mobile operating system is lead by Google. Google Chrome OS browser only operating system, founded on specialized netbooks call Chromebook. It has been estimated to run over one million serves in data centers around world. It is process over 1 million search request and about 24 petabytes of user generated data everyday. Google employ employee which are have ability like determined and smart, commend ability over experience. Googlers have set common objectives and visions for company. It come from all walks of life and speak many of languages, response the global audience that it serve. Google try hard to keep the open culture frequently associated with startups, which everybody is an actual contributor and opinion and feels comfortable sharing ideas. Google have their own office and cafà ©. Their offices and cafà © have designed to encourage interact between Googlers within and across teams to spark conversation about work. SECTION 2: CONTENTS 2.1 Identify and explain the relevant principles and concepts of management are applied in the Google Inc. 2.2 To analyze and discuss the companys practice in relation to the selected topic Google Inc is a worldwide company that has strong practices in diversity. This international company is known by everyone and used by many people every day. Actually, Google Inc focuses the workforce diversity in their company due to the reason that Google Inc has over 70 offices in more than 40 countries and its customer base is so diverse. The workforce diversity defined as similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. In Google Inc, they have to make sure diverse the employees come from different background and unique knowledge. This is because they need to support and fit in the need of the diverse customer base. The advantages will be bringing to the Google Inc through the company apply workforce diversity. First of all, the workforce diversity increases creativity within the company because heterogeneous groups are generating different and unique ideas with the Google Inc. As more diverse ideas are suggested, the chances of finding a workable answer are improved. In atmospheres when brainstorming is necessary, more ideas are formed because team members are culturally diverse. Moreover, the diversity in viewpoint also is the advantages. This is because Google Inc hired the employees come from different culture or generation which will help the company to get diverse viewpoint from the employees. However, the workforce diversity also brings the disadvantages to the Google Inc too. The competition rather than teamwork is the disadvantages of the workforce diversity because diversity can cause competition among worker. If the employees of the Google Inc are not open to accept other culture, they may bring negative effect to the business. For example, they are working together to finish their work but they will work separately which prolong the process. Next is the impaired freedom of speech. In this type of setting, Googles staffs cannot just cracked jokes, tell stories or state the opinion whatever you want because the worker might be judge as being discriminating. According to the Two Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg, people are influenced by two factors which are hygiene factors and motivation factors. The hygiene factors defined as needed to ensure an employee does not become dissatisfied. Moreover, the typical of the hygiene factor which included working condition, quality of supervision, job, company policies and administration. The motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee into higher performance and the typical motivation factors included achievement, interest in job, growth and responsibility for task. In this case, Google Inc. is using this two factor theory concept in their company and to make sure the employee enjoy the working environment during their working time. The Google Inc. has provided an awesome working place and benefits to their staff and the benefits of the Google Inc are among the best in the world. Google Inc has applied the fun and laughter at workplace. For example, Google Inc. has prepared fun stuff around the office, including bocce ball courts, bowling alleys, and a giant climbing wall. Furthermore, the pool tables and video games also available in many place for the staff to use. Next, they also prepare the gourmet food as free for their staffs. Google also set a room which provides massage chairs that you control while you view relaxing aquariums for relaxations uses. Google Inc. through two factor theory may bring some advantages to their company. First of the advantages is the employees become more efficiency and creative because Google Inc create a fantastic working environment to their employees. In this case, we know that the Google Inc is a high technology company and their staff always need a relaxing environment to create something new ideas. Furthermore, the advantage is to prevent the staff resign because hiring a new staff and training them need a lot of time. From this case, this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a time goes unnoticed and the Google Inc. also can not ensure efficiency from the new staff. Next of the advantage is prevent the loss of Google Inc.s knowledge. This is because Google Inc often spends much time and money on the employee in expectation of the future return, but the employee had left, he takes with his valuable knowledge about the company or past history and the investment is not realized. However, two factor theory that performed by Google Inc. have disadvantages. First of all, it has waste the money of the Google Inc. This is because it cost the company a lot of money to set up or establish all the facility and it cannot make sure the employee be more efficiency on their work. Moreover, the staff also cannot complete their work on time when they were addicted by the all relaxing facility. Next the management theory has apply in the Google Inc is Theory Y by Douglas McGregor. The Theory Y can be defined as an idea that shows the positive view of the worker and assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self-control. It also implies the optimistic management theory that employees are generally creative and view work as fulfilling. Actually in the Google Inc, they offer a creative and participative atmosphere that to stimulate employees to be productive in achieving the organizations goals. The Google Inc. performs this Theory Y because their tasks tend to more flexible and innovative. Besides, their company always needs the new concept and idea to support their current situation on the world and work hard to keep the new technology going. For example, Google Inc. is using this Theory Y as their leadership style and less supervise their employees. In this situation, it is very work to the Google Inc. and always achieves the goal set by them. The Theory Y also brings some advantages to the Google Inc. First of the advantage is employee can easy to get the new idea. This is because they can play hard and get rest at their workplace and those can getting the new inspiration when they are enjoy the game or relaxing. In this case, a Googles manager has mention that idea does not come always when you sit at your desk. So, it is very effective to Google Incs worker. Next of the advantages is the staff has ability to make a good decisions. This is because the manage less to supervise them and not under pressure or micromanage, it may let the employee can do their best and ability to solve the problem them face by themselves. On another hand, the Theory Y used by the Google Inc has disadvantages too. The disadvantages is it may cause some task cannot complete on time. This is because no all the worker will be ambitious and self-motivated so it will affect the task cannot going on smoothly. In this case, it will also let the company loss the time and the money. According to Ghee Soon Lin, Robert L. Mathis and John H. Jackson (2010), Recruiting is the process of generating a pool of qualified applicants for organizational jobs. However, recruiting is also about to finding qualified applicants, a task that often requires much more than just running an ad in a newspaper. The recruiting can just a set of function involve coordinating internal openings, handling the flow of candidates data, dealing with regulatory reporting, and moving candidates through the system. Google Inc. tends to use the external recruitment source compare with internal recruitment source. External recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from any suitable applicant outside the business. Internal recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from within its existing workforce. This is because the Google Inc. always set up a new offices around the world and they need more talents work in their company. Actually, the Google Inc set up over 70 offices in more than 40 countries currently. For the external recruiting, Google Inc has expanded to university universe nowadays. Google Inc is also recruiting college grads from schools other than the usual suspects such as Stanford, Carnegie Mellon and MIT. Colleges such as the University of Victoria in Canada and Emory University in Atlanta rarely saw Google recruiters in the past. But now it is more common. The company is spreading its recruiters out among more schools, rather than concentrating them at the most elite universities. The pro for the external recruitment is it will bring fresh employees and talents. By using the external recruitment, Google Inc will be able to get the new talent and ideas which are beneficial to their companys development and growth. Besides, external vacancies create opportunities to find more high qualifications and experienced staffs which are needed in the team. The diversity of employees helps to form a stronger team and they are able to work more effective. Subsequently, it will stimulate growth and advancement of Google Inc. In contrast, the disadvantage of the external recruiting is having higher cost compared internal recruiting. Hiring externally is costly as the company need to spend a lot of money on the aspect of advertising, recruiting and interviewing. Besides, it is also time consuming. This is because the company need to hire the expert people which not original in the part of the organization. To ensure not to hire the wrong people, the company needs to carry out interviewing process. This process is time consuming and costly to the company as they need to pay at a high range of salary to hire the expert people. Next, the Google Inc also using the AMO method and which is the short form of Ability, Motivation and Opportunity. This AMO method is using to measure the performance of the employee in the Google Inc. The meaning of the ability refers to that talent enable to complete the specific job or task. Next is the motivation, it defined as a set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence. The last one is the opportunity is the chance of the employee to get into a higher position. SECTION 3: FINDINGS The unlimited sick leave that Google management team offered may become a problem. The person who takes leave may cause problems to his/hers colleague as they have to increase their work amount by helper for his/hers work and the productivity will also reduce during the time they are on leave. According to the Two Factor Theory, it doesnt brings only job satisfaction which occurs on the applier of sick leave. It also brings job dissatisfaction which occurs on the appliers colleague. Google workforce management applies the Theory Y by Douglas McGregor as their leadership style. Theory Y is an idea that managerial assumes all staffs is ambitious and self-motivated.  It may neglect those workers those are not that ambitious and self-motivated. Those person may have potential to adapt with Theory X that may stimulate their potential. Theory X is theory which stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it. Google also suggested a method, AMO which brings meaning Ability and Skills, Motivation and Opportunity to involve. Due to large amount of staff with talent, those knowledgeable workers with ability and skills feel that they are not recognized and valued as the company matures. The continuity of recruiting in new knowledge workers causes those current knowledge workers feel less motivated and the competition among colleague may become stronger. The other problem that occurs due to large amount of staffs, some workers feels that they have not given enough opportunity and job satisfaction are not delivered. OCB (Organizational Citizen Behavior) is defined as the individuals behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. The problem that made by AMO may affect OCB of the employees. Necessity training and recruitment have to apply on the new hired employees in order to make them to have relevant knowledge about their job and adapt with the job. But it may consume a period of time for their training. SECTION 4: RECOMMENDATION There is some ways recommended to improve the company: It is good that Google applied the Theory Y as their leadership style but there are some workers not that ambitious and self-motivated. Google can also apply Theory X as well. We can know that Theory X can be defines as the theory which is stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it. Manager can tries to motivate the workers through fear and scold and maintain the tight control over the workers as well. Other than that, manager should rewards the workers if they achieved the goals while manager should punishes them if they done any mistakes. With this principle, these Theory X workers can stimulate their very own potential and of course, it will increase company productivity. Google should also apply one of the 4 principles of science by Taylor (Kinichi, A, 2011) which is give training and rewards to workers based on their performance. Management should reward their workers after they have achieved a certain goal and the rewards can be in the terms of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. By this way, workers will feel motivated and will work harder to achieve another goal to gain another reward. Besides, management also needs to give their workers some free suitable training to them. These trainings not only can give their workers more experiences and have a chance to promote, but also can let them sure that the management needs them. Besides that, because there is continuity of recruiting in new knowledge workers in Google, the current knowledge workers feel less motivated. It is because they always thought that they work hard for the company for nothing. To prevent it, Google can apply the principle that suggested by Mayo which is Hawthorne effect (Kinichi, A., 2011). Management should always take more attention to the workers so that they will work harder for the company. Manager can take attention on the workers by give rewards and applauses when they achieve anything good and the targets that he or she targeted. Dr. Motivation, Dave Worman (n.d.) found that the manager do not give enough attention on the workers it is because they do not get enough attention from the top management too. To change and prevent this situation occur, attentions should be taken start from the top management. We can know that Google always recruiting new workers outside of the company. This is called as external recruitment. This recruitment can be good as the company can have specialized knowledge workers but this recruitment will consume more time and expensive. Besides, it is very high risk because the company even does not know the person that they recruited. So the better way is Google should apply internal recruitment. This recruitment not only saves time but has fewer risks. It is because internal candidates are more familiar with the organization. Besides, Google no needs to spend their time to train the new candidates, advertise, and interview the newbie. SECTION 5: CONCLUSION Google Company is an American multinational corporation. Google company also provides Internet-related products and services, including software, internet search, advertising technologies, and cloud computing. The Company also provides online productivity software including social networking, email and an office suite. Google products develop to the desktop as well, with organizing and editing photos, instants messaging and applications for web browsing. Google Inc. is using this two factor theory concept which is hygiene factors and motivation factors in their company and to make sure the employee enjoy the working environment during their working time. The Google Inc. has provided an awesome working place and benefits to their staff and the benefits of the Google Inc. are among the best in the world. For example, Google Inc. has prepared fun stuff around the office and prepares the gourmet food as free for their staffs. Google Inc. through two factor theory may bring some advantages to their company. First of the advantages is the employees become more efficiency and creative because Google Inc. create a fantastic working environment to their employees. The next the advantage is to prevent the staff resign because hiring a new staff and training them need a lot of time. However, two factor theory that performed by Google Inc. have disadvantages. First of all, it has waste the money of the Google Inc. Next the management theory has apply in the Google Inc. is Theory Y. The Google Inc. performs this Theory Y because their tasks tend to more flexible and innovative. The Theory Y also brings some advantages to the Google Inc. First of the advantage is employee can easy to get the new idea. Next of the advantages is the staff has ability to make a good decisions. On another hand, the Theory Y used by the Google Inc. has disadvantages too. The disadvantages is it may cause some task cannot complete on time. Google Inc. tends to use the external recruitment source compare with internal recruitment source. The pro for the external recruitment is it will bring fresh employees and talents. In contrast, the con of the external recruiting is having higher cost compared internal recruiting.

A Midsummer Nights Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, and Measure for Measure :: comparison compare contrast essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's comedies A Midsummers Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing have many parallels while Measure for Measure is a problem play with a completely different tone.   Comparing and contrasting these three plays provides insights into the views of Shakespeare concerning comedy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Midsummer Night's Dream is a festive comedy.   The play takes place in June and this is a bewitched time.   In the spring the custom is to celebrate the return of fertility to the earth.   During   this time the young people spend the night in the woods to celebrate.   Shakespeare uses the greenworld pattern in this play.   The play begins in the city, moves out to the country and then back to the city.   Being in the country makes things better because there is tranquility, freedom and people can become uncivilized versus when they are in the city and have to follow customs and laws and behave rationally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comedies contain blocking figures and in this play it is Egeus.   If he was not in the way, Hermia could marry Lysander.   Since he is causing problems in his daughters life by trying to make her marry Demetrius, this begins the journey into the woods.   Egeus threatened Hermia with death if she were to marry Lysander so she thinks the only way they can be together is to run away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One strange element is why Egeus was so set on Hermia marrying Demetrius.   Lysander came from as good a family as Demetrius.   Both were well possessed with property and money so Egeus's power is made to seem senseless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play moves into the woods which is haunted by fairies who are there to bless the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta.   The quarreling between Oberon and Titania over the changeling boy leads to the king wanting to embarrass Titania with the love juice by making her fall in love with a monster.   The first person she sees is Bottom and she falls violently in love with him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oberon is making a spectacle of Titania and Bottom.  Ã‚   It is ridiculous that she is in love with him because he is from such a lower class than her, he is human and she is a fairy, and he has the head of an ass.   She is also a queen and he is an uneducated working man and a match like this would never happen.   Bottom has such a problem with language.

Pat Conroys The Lords Of Discipline Essay -- Lords Discipline Pat Con

Pat Conroy's "The Lords Of Discipline" Conroy displays his life through his novel, The Lords of Discipline, to give readers a visual demonstration of how life connections can transform the entity of a novel. Conroy's attendance to the Citadel, his family, and the South helped influence his innovative writing style. "A lifetime in a Southern family negated any possibility that he [Will/Conroy] could resign from the school under any conditions other than unequivocal disgrace (6)." Conroy's family held a strong control over his will to renounce the hardship of the Citadel. A pervasive admiration for his mother runs through the book as he declares her as being one of the main reasons he continues to stay in the Institute, and the one who kept him in line through both his boyhood and his passage to maturity. "Her severity was soft, but severity nonethelessÂ… the discipline of my mother disguised itself in love and tenderness and often held fa...

Hemophilia :: essays research papers

Hemophilia is a rare genetic blood clotting disorder that primarily affects males. People living with hemophilia do not have enough of, or are missing, one of the blood clotting proteins naturally found in blood. Two of the most common forms of hemophilia are A and B. In persons with hemophilia A (also called classic hemophilia), clotting factor VIII is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. In persons with hemophilia B (also called Christmas disease), clotting factor IX is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. People with hemophilia do not bleed more profusely or bleed faster than normal; they bleed for a longer period of time. Virtually all people who have hemophilia A or B are born with it. The majority of people with hemophilia have a family history (it is a hereditary disorder). In as many as 30% of cases, there is no family history of hemophilia. In these cases, the mother may not be aware that she carries the gene for hemophilia, or a gene mutation may have occurred spontaneously. A long history Hemophilia was identified as early as biblical times. Doctors in medieval times were familiar with it as well. In 1803, a Philadelphia doctor published the first description of hemophilia in the United States. But it was not until 30 years later that hemophilia became widely recognized. Hemophilia later developed a reputation as the "royal disease" because it passed from Queen Victoria of England to her descendants throughout the royal houses of Europe. Who Gets Hemophilia? Hemophilia occurs when the gene to produce clotting factor does not work correctly. Without the proper amount of clotting factor, bleeding occurs easily. Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in about two thirds of the cases. About one third of the cases of hemophilia occur due to spontaneous changes in the gene or mutations. The presence of a mutated gene may not be noted until a woman with no family history of hemophilia has a son with the disorder. The gene for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. The gene for hemophilia is also recessive. This is why hemophilia is referred to as an X-linked recessive disorder. If there is not a normal gene present to offset the defective, recessive gene, the disorder will be present. Whether or not a child will have hemophilia or be a carrier for the disorder depends on the status of the mother and of the father. The figure below shows how this type of disorder is inherited.

Review of The Odyssey by Homer

Throughout history, women have been expected to behave a certain way in order to uphold some kind of ideal image. The woman is expected to be a virtuous and upright person, forever loyal and subservient to her husband. However while history adheres to this common image of the woman, a very different mold is shaped for the man. This establishes a double standard between the two genders. The dictionary defines the term ‘double standard' as a â€Å"system, code, or criterion applied unequally; specifically a code of behavior that is stricter for women than for men, especially in matters of sex† (Agnes et al. 29). This phrase defines women's history, as women are constantly viewed under different guidelines and principles than their male counterparts. Written by Homer, the epic poem entitled The Odyssey epitomizes the idea of the double standard in Ancient Greek society. It revolves around the subject of promiscuous behavior in the sexual sense, as males engaged in the behavior while females were expected to abstain from it. The idea of sexual promiscuity in The Odyssey creates an unfair double standard between its male and female characters. The difference of accepted sexual behavior between gods and goddesses is exemplified in an angry speech given to the gods by the goddess Calypso. When Hermes informs her that the prisoner Odysseus must return home, Calypso becomes frustrated. Oh you vile gods, in jealousy supernal! You hate it when we choose to lie with men – immortal flesh by some dear mortal side†¦ Then Demeter of the tasseled tresses yielded to Iasion, mingling and making love in a furrow three times plowed; but Zeus found out and killed him with a white-hot thunderbolt (Homer 5. 24). In this passage, Calypso points out the fact that the male gods can engage in promiscuous behavior. However when the goddesses try to involve themselves in the same activities, they face persecution by their counterparts. The gods disapprove so much that they resort to murder as a type of negative reinforcement, discouraging the goddesses from such sexual acts. Calypso's ability to refer to specific past instances of this behavior proves that the tendency to place women under different guidelines than men exists. The fact that Calypso could cite more than one occurrence of the double standard shows that the goddesses were not allowed to engage in such activity, and that this was at the fault of their male counterparts, who were allowed to participate in such sexual looseness. In this speech she outwardly scrutinizes the norms of society, deeming them as hypocritical. This difference in standard concerning sexual promiscuity is present in the highest class of Greek culture, the gods, which is proof enough of its prevalence. The Odyssey highlights this idea further by projecting the ideas onto not just immortal beings, but mortal beings as well. Odysseus is a prime example. Although he claims loyalty to his wife Penelope, Odysseus does not hesitate to submit to the Greek goddess' desire for him. Calypso did nothing to conceal her longing for Odysseus when she held him captive on her island. Stranded, Odysseus spent many years with the Greek goddess and â€Å"he lay with her each night, for she compelled him† (Homer 5. 163). Despite the fact that Calypso required him to sleep with her on a regular basis, nothing in the text indicates that Odysseus literally did just that. An analysis of the circumstances surrounding this situation suggests otherwise. Calypso, a forever young and beautiful goddess, wants to have sexual relations with Odysseus. Although he is a married man, he is still a man by nature. No one can deny the universal fact that men have an inherent need for sex. The text remains ambiguous towards the situation, which in itself alludes to the notion that he did indeed have intercourse with Calypso, despite the fact that Penelope awaited his return. On the other hand, nothing in the text indicated that Penelope was at all sexually promiscuous during the time apart from her husband, suggesting that she remained faithful. Another example of sexually promiscuous behavior can be found in Book Ten, when Odysseus and his crew happen upon the island of the goddess Circe, who turns the crew into pigs. She and Odysseus reach a compromise in which he consented â€Å"[to enter] Circe's flawless bed of love† (Homer 10. 390). The pact seems almost trivial to Odysseus, since the text inputs nothing to indicate any feelings of guilt over betraying Penelope, who back in Ithaca remained faithful to him by continually snubbing her suitors. This situation shows the different expectations of men and women regarding their sexual behavior. In both incidences, Odysseus seems hypocritical due to the fact that his actions do not coincide with his claim to remain loyal to his wife. Through him, The Odyssey projects the idea of promiscuity as an acceptable act for only the male characters of the epic tale. In The Odyssey, women were discouraged by society to become sexual promiscuous while men were allowed to indulge their sexual impulses. Homer's projection of this theme to both immortal and mortal beings makes it apparent that it was a societal norm. As with many aspects of Greek culture, this too has also been adapted into modern day society. President Bill Clinton did not receive nearly as much criticism for his affair with Monica Lewinsky as Britney Spears did for her activities following her breakup with Justin Timberlake. Disapproval fell upon Spears despite the fact that there was no substantial proof of sexual promiscuity on her part, and while Clinton's was quite apparent, he did not receive the same amount of backlash. The double standard regarding sexual promiscuity is a subject that has lasted from Ancient Greece, documented in The Odyssey, up until the present date, documented in today's popular culture.

Why Movies Are More Then Just Entertainment

Movie are much more than just something we watch it is a story being told by the writer for us to interpret, it can be inspiring or gloomy it all depends how we as viewers see it. It can also be a way for some to live out an imaginary existence in and conventional world. Just look at movies like tron, star gate or even the borne series it helps people live out the life they desire. Movies are also a way for the media to influence and open the minds of its viewers. It is much more then entertaining, informing and educating, movies plays a big role in the way we perceive things. Movies can be a way for people to tell their own stories or communicate a message or get some point across with the type of movie they write. Like for example look at star war some think it is just a sci- fi movie but it is much more it has a very deep political undertone. Or Michael Moore movies like fairenhight 9-11 they were made to inform us as viewers what is going on in the world, some might say it is a little bias but to someone who really lives the story might say it is true. Movies have also become a big part of our daily lives in which they can sometimes have quite an influence on our behavior. They intrigue our minds which captivate us as viewers they transcend us into another dimension. As we try to associate with the stories of what we see we often find ourselves searching for similarities between these characters and ourselves. Movies are much more powerful then we all believe they help us face all kinds of social issues and personal one also. It teaches us life lessons that later on will help us through our daily lives, and sometimes a movie can make us feel emotions that we never thought we will. Movies are a way to disconnect from our world and live someone else’s. Everyone has a story to tell and movies are the visualization of it. From the zoetrope in 1864 to silent movies in 1903 to the movies of the 21st century, movies have gone through many changes in history. But the change that stayed the same during that time is the emotions behind the films. Since the invention of movies, each film ever made brought tears, joy, laughter, excitement, confusion, anger, happiness, sadness, and pain to their audiences. Not only did movies bring emotions, it brought entertainment to their audiences. It entertained them during the difficult times, the worst of times, the sad times and the happy times look at movies like the wizard of oz, snow white or gone with the wind, movies that came out during the great depression. the film industry has gave us entertainment ince it was invented and it will keep doing that till audiences loses interest in movies and in the film industry. Documentary, thriller, comedy, romantic, biography, animation. Movies are huge influence in our lives. When you feel like watching a movie, you can make the choice of choosing something that makes you laugh or cry, or simply you want to learn something that you are interested. In our culture it is a way of sometimes escaping from a routine that we have. Watching a movie i n a theater is a reward that we give ourselves and in some cases to our loved ones too.