Material Selction Essay Example for Free

Material Selction Essay Park bench A park bench isn’t just for parks. It is an essential component of any public outdoor (or indoor) area. The 3 material I chosen ( wood concrete steel) These park benches provide strength and durability with a strong steel skeleton and high quality UV and weather resistant thermoplastic coating. One of the most popular bench styles, the thermoplastic coated steel park bench comes in a range of styles and colors. The thermoplastic coating protects the steel for years to come, and is maintenance and corrosive free. Made for the widest range of applications, these benches can be portable as well and permanent installs. Commercial park benches made with wood are always a top seller. Made usually of cedar, or pine, wood park benches offer strength and durability, reinforced with a welded metal frame construction for a long life. Wood is the popular choice also for its classic styling. When people think park bench, they will more than likely visualize a wood slat park bench with back and arms in an unfinished cedar nestled in a shady spot under an oak tree. This is obviously a great solution for a park, or outside of a mall but I would not recommend it for any city transit area. Other materials, like powder coated steel are better performers for high traffic. Concrete Park Benches are an inexpensive solution to a high traffic area. Dense and strong, anything concrete will last a long time and is ideal for parks, schools, bus stops, corporate break areas and rest stops, and other various street scapes or public areas. It is also resistant to vandalism and thievery due to its inherent density and bulk. It would be strenuous to attempt to move or damage one of these, making a concrete park bench the perfect solution for a permanent install. Hip joint The human hip is a ball and socket joint. This means that the top of the leg bone, the femur, is rounded and fits into the socket of the hip. This joint may need to be replaced if it has worn away, broken, or become chronically painful in some way. The process involves replacing the hip joint with 3 artificial parts, cup, ball, stem: Cup The cup is the most vital part of the hip joint process as the other 2 parts is dependable on the cup being good thus the material must not only be tough and strong but resistant to corrosion, degradation, and wear-.I chose the material ultra-high density polyethylene for the cup component in because of its outstanding toughness cut and wear resistance and its excellent chemical resistance. Fermoral ball – I chose the ceremaric material Zirconia for the head (ball) component in because of its Strength and Longevity, Zirconia is virtually indestructible ans should last a life ti. itcan be polished to give a very smooth surface and have a much lower wear rate than metal on polyethylene. Also using ceramics over metals for hip replacement parts are to do with the inherent biocompatibility of ceramic materials. Being highly oxidised, they are very inert and so the risk of any reactions with the host is negligible. However As with everything in life, all these benefits come with a price. Zirconia is very tough, which is good until you consider the abrasive effect of the material against the other compnenets. Fermoral stem – I chose the alloy material titanium for the stem component because not only does it have the combined properties of being light and strong it also allow for movement of the artificial hip joint with a minimal amount of friction. In addition, titanium are long lasting, strong and resistant to corrosion, degradation, and wear. Therefore, they will retain their strength and shape for a long time. Resistance to wear is particularly significant in maintaining proper joint function and preventing the further destruction of bone caused by particulate debris generated as the implant parts move against each other. However titanium is quite expensive.

The Cave and the Matrix Essay -- Plato Republic Matrix Movie Philosoph

The Cave and the Matrix Movie critics and philosophers alike agree that the movie â€Å"The Matrix† is indeed based upon certain Platonic themes from Book VII of The Republic. In this story entitled "The Allegory of the Cave," he describes a dark underground cave where a group of people are sitting in one long row with their backs to the cave's entrance. Chained to their chairs from an early age, all the humans can see is the distant cave wall in from of them. The shadows of statues held by unseen ‘puppet handlers’ reflect on the walls from the light of a fire that is also out of sight of those in the cave. The theme of the allegory is that their reality is a poor copy of the real world. According to Plato, our world is nothing but shadows, imperfect manifestations of the forms. Similar to the prisoners of the cave, the humans trapped in the matrix (the cave) only see what the machines (the modern day puppet-handlers) want them to see. They are tricked into believing that what they hear in the cave and see before them is the true reality that exists. Furthermore, they accept what their senses are telling them and they believe that what they are experiencing is all that really exists--nothing more. The movie not only incorporates these same ideas, the story line of the movie parallels that of the allegory. The most important character is who Plato calls the â€Å"Philosopher† or the â€Å"Intellectual.† In the allegory, Plato hypothesizes that one of the prisoners eventually be rel... The Cave and the Matrix Essay -- Plato Republic Matrix Movie Philosoph The Cave and the Matrix Movie critics and philosophers alike agree that the movie â€Å"The Matrix† is indeed based upon certain Platonic themes from Book VII of The Republic. In this story entitled "The Allegory of the Cave," he describes a dark underground cave where a group of people are sitting in one long row with their backs to the cave's entrance. Chained to their chairs from an early age, all the humans can see is the distant cave wall in from of them. The shadows of statues held by unseen ‘puppet handlers’ reflect on the walls from the light of a fire that is also out of sight of those in the cave. The theme of the allegory is that their reality is a poor copy of the real world. According to Plato, our world is nothing but shadows, imperfect manifestations of the forms. Similar to the prisoners of the cave, the humans trapped in the matrix (the cave) only see what the machines (the modern day puppet-handlers) want them to see. They are tricked into believing that what they hear in the cave and see before them is the true reality that exists. Furthermore, they accept what their senses are telling them and they believe that what they are experiencing is all that really exists--nothing more. The movie not only incorporates these same ideas, the story line of the movie parallels that of the allegory. The most important character is who Plato calls the â€Å"Philosopher† or the â€Å"Intellectual.† In the allegory, Plato hypothesizes that one of the prisoners eventually be rel...

Journal Outline

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADVERTISING DESIGN PROCESS JOURNALS (BDG56160) 1. 0DESIGN JOURNAL MANDATORIES A design journal is meant to show your learning progress and development as a Graphic Designer/Art Director. It is YOUR journal, so it should reflect who you are when people read your journal. ? A4/A3 in size. DO NOT use a readily bound black sketchbook. Compile and print all your notes, research and etc on loose A4 paper. Bind your journal with the standard black comb binding l. Create dividers to categorize the different sections of your journal. Example : Class notes, personal research, the different assignments, appendix, referencing and etc (according to the contents and what you have). ? A design for the cover of the journal including your particulars (name, student ID, class and etc). The cover must include a masthead bearing the words â€Å"Advertising Design Journal† ? Must be typed and printed with a margin of at least 1inch on all sides of the document.CHECKLISTS These are the things that must be included in your Advertising Design Journal ? Weekly Self Reflective: What have you learnt for this week? Not just for this module but also for the other modules you are taking and also what you’ve learnt personally outside of the campus. Do include constructive feedbacks, comments, suggestions and other engaging thoughts on how to improve yourself, reflections and developments of that particular week. Must be done every week. Class Notes : Include all your class notes and handouts here. ? Class Exercises & Homework: Include all given class exercises and homework here. ? The Assignments (in different sections): Include all sketches, mind maps, research, rationale, appendices, test prints, printouts, referencing and etc. ? Personal Research: Include all personal research, cut out from magazines, postcards, designs, innovations, articles, book reviews and etc which help improve your skills as a Graphic Designer in this category.This proves that you are doing your own personal research and development which complements your overall performance in terms of participation. All research included must be HIGHLIGHTED or UNDERLINED. Write your comments and feedback at the right side margins of the pages. DO NOT submit researches without any proof of study. ? Referencing: Include the references for all your research here. Please abide to the Har vard Referencing. c(an use this generator http://www. harvardgenerator. com or /http://libweb. anglia. ac. uk/referencing/harvard. htm for more information)

Essay on Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero - 623 Words

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Shakespeares Macbeth follows the journey of nobleman Macbeth that starts with him as Thane of Glamis and ends with him as King of Scotland. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he possesses all the traits that Aristotle outlined in his poetics. He said that the tragic hero must be a man that is higher than mortal worth, but has tragic flaws. Aristotle also stated that the flaws will lead to great suffering and usually death; the cause being fate. The flaws that lead to Macbeths degeneration are his sense of ambition, his reliance on the prophecies and his influence and manipulation by Lady Macbeth. These flaws cause the downfall of Macbeth, which evokes both pity and fear in the†¦show more content†¦After the murder, his desire, or ambition to keep his throne leads him to kill his best friend Banquo because the witches prediction that Banquos son would become king. He also kills Macduffs family because he believes that he a danger to his crown. This murder proves to be his most fatal error. Macbeth is a nobleman and a warrior and therefore, it is important for him to be manly in front of everyone, which is why he is insecure about his manhood. Lady Macbeth plays on this insecurity and is able to control Macbeth through this manipulation. She challenges his manhood when he decides not to kill Duncan, saying When you durst do it, then you were a man (I, 7, 54). This pushes Macbeth to kill the King. Lady Macbeth also challenged his manhood when he sees Banquos ghost, saying that if he were a real man, the sight of a ghost would not bother him. ...regard him not--Are you a man? (III, 4, 69) Macbeths reliance on the prophecies was another important factor in the decline of his character. If it were not for the witches telling Macbeth that he would be King, he may have remained his honorable and loyal self. The prophecies aroused his ambition and start the corruption of his character. The second apparition that was given to Macbeth makes him feel as though he is invincible because the apparition states that no man born of woman could harm him, but it was a half truth because they also told him that he shouldShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero956 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is a Tragic Hero  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares tragic hero is a man of noble birth who falls from a position of honor and respect due to a flaw in his character. He freely chooses a course of action which ultimately causes him suffering and brings him to a fatal end.(Campbell 129) Macbeth is the epitome of a tragic hero who rises high then falls rock bottom to his death. Macbeth, once a noble man, follows the advice of witches, finds himself King, abuses his power and then gets killedRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in Willian Shakespeares Macbeth2662 Words   |  11 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in Willian Shakespeares Macbeth Two and a half thousand years ago, Aristotle defined a tragedy as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude. Two thousand years later, Shakespeare reincarnated this and other classical principles in the form of his four great tragedies; Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. Aristotle laid down some elements which he and other classical theorists seemed to think necessaryRead More Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay examples872 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle defined a tragic character is a man who â€Å"falls into misfortune through some flaw. (Grube, 5) Shakespeares tragic hero is a man who falls from his position of honor and respect due to a flaw in character and ultimately arrives at a fatal end. (Nostbakken, 2) Macbeth is an epitome of a tragic hero. He had a good nature, but was driven by greed and a quest for power. Macbeth had been a military hero,   loved and praised by the people, but his blind ambitionRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero1762 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth is a Tragic Hero In many respects Macbeth, of Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is the least admirable tragic hero of literature. Typical tragic heroes have at least a few admirable character traits. One may, or may not like the hero, but there is something in their characters or their situation on which one can hang some sympathy, even if there is not enough for us to rationalize away their actions. But Macbeth is a mass murderer, who does away with friends, colleagues, womenRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth as a Tragic Hero1087 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, The best tragic plot moves the hero from prosperity to misfortune, occasioned not by depravity, but by some great mistake he makes. The plot of Macbeth follows these basic guidelines; throughout the play we follow the path of the main character as his life is torn apart as a result of the colossal mistake he makes when he kills Duncan. It is for this and the many ensuing reasons that we can say that Macbeth accuratelyRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth - The Tragic Hero717 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth - The Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Every true Elizabethan Tragedy comes complete with a tragic hero.   The tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, has a perfect example of a tragic hero, otherwise known as Macbeth.   A tragic hero must be a man who is great and admirable in various ways.   He should be placed in society in such a way that everything he does affects all of the members of his society.   A tragic hero should at some point reach the top of Fortune’s Wheel, but land upRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero1170 Words   |  5 Pagesaccount to create as much of an impact as possible on the reader or the audience. Macbeth, for example, is about one man, Macbeth who does what he thinks is necessary to become king but dies tragically due to his judgement. In this play, Shakespeare communicates how Macbeths destiny can be changed depending on how he deals with his predicted future, in other words, his fate versus his free will. Macbeth makes many foolish decisions throughout his life like believing evil and supernaturalRead More Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay680 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   A tragic hero is usually a person of high esteem or social ranking cursed with a flaw or obsession that will eventually lead to their demise. Macbeth is a tragic hero. Examining the events that occur as Macbeth travels the typical path of a tragic hero easily supports this claim.    Before Macbeth is even introduced to the audience, Duncan and Ross speak of his greatness. When it is discovered that the Thane of Cawdor has surrendered, Duncan decides to giveRead More Aristotles Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples1044 Words   |  5 PagesAristotles Tragic Hero in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle and Shakespeare lived ages apart, but Aristotle had a great affect on Shakespeares plays. In Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth, the character of Macbeth is consistent with Aristotles definition of the tragic hero.    Aristotles tragic hero is a man who is characterized by good and evil. He is a mixture of good characteristics and bad characteristics. For example, Macbeth was an honorable Thane of Glamis. He was a valiant fighterRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in William Shakespeares Play Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in William Shakespeares Play The play ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare charts the rise and fall of the Scottish general Macbeth, through a tale of treachery, deceit and death. First performed in 1606 ‘Macbeth’ is inspired by a story of the Scottish monarchy. A tragic hero is one who at the outset is not wholly good or bad but has a character fault that causes them to make tragic mistakes resulting in their eventual downfall. ‘Macbeth’ is a renaissance

Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Fortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlets father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actions of Fortinbras as better than his own and the actions of Fortinbras, then, encourage Hamlet to act without hesitating. Hamlet, after learning that his fathers death was a murder and vowing to take revenge, wants to be†¦show more content†¦The soliloquy begins with Hamlets thoughts on how time is running by and he still hasnt done anything. He says: How all occasions do inform against me, And spur my dull revenge! What is a man, If his chief good and market of his time Be but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more. (Hamlet IV.iv. 32-35) In these lines Hamlet is thinking about all the time he has wasted by procrastinating. He sees how everything around him is taking shape, all except his own actions. He goes on to say Sure, he that made us with such large discourse, Looking before and after, gave us not that capability and god-like reason to fust in us unusd (IV.iv.38-41) Here Hamlet is saying that every man has reason, and that reason should be put to good use. He also expresses the thought that he has cause and will and strength and means to dot (IV.iv.47-48) but still waits and thinks of taking action instead of taking action. Next Hamlet goes on to describe Fortinbras. He asks the audience to: Witness this army of such mass and charge Led by a delicate and tender prince, Whose spirit with divine ambition pufd Makes mouths at the invisible event, Exposing what is mortal and unsure To all that fortune,Show MoreRelated The Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare wrote the classic play, Hamlet in the sixteenth century.   Hamlet would be a very difficult play to understand without the masterful use of foils.   A foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality.   The audience can identify similarities and differences between any of the characters and Hamlet, however, there are two characters thatRead MoreThe Foils of Hamlet Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesA foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality and plot. In William Shakespeares play Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet, has three major foils. These foils are his close friend Horatio, Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, and the brother of his love, Laertes. These three characters contradict and enhance Hamlets major characteristics. Hamlets friend Horatio is a foil for him because he brings out the revengeRead MoreFoils Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesA foil is a character who acts as the opposite to another character and consequently highlights important features of that character’s personality . A foil character often contrasts with the features of another character. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet , there are obvious foils for the main character, Hamlet. These foils include Horatio, Fortinbras, Claudius, and Laertes. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is a an excellent demonstration of character foils. A foil is also known as a literary device that revealsRead MoreCause and Effect Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare, arguably the greatest language in the English language and England’s national poet, has written numerous histories, tragedies, comedies and poems. Throughout his plays, his use of dramatic irony, immaculate word choice and wording, and his vast imagination has made him a successful playwright even in his time. Shakespeare’s scripts for his theatrical company, needed to pertain to the needs and fascinations of the Elizabethan audience. It is safeRead MoreA Compare/Contrast of Hamlet through his foils - Laertes, Fortinbras and Horatio.1702 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters. Hamlet is by far Shakespeares most compelling character. In Shakespeares play Hamlet, various character traits, exhibited by Hamlet, can be seen through his foils. Similarities with Hamlet and Horatios education, as well as their levels, can be drawn. However, Hamlets character is in constant change and even philosophical. Fortinbras, without question encompasses many of Hamlets qu alities. They are both born with nobility, along with a similar lineage. However, Fortinbras is more aggressiveRead MoreStoppards Rosencrantz Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story of Hamlet out of the eyes of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. It Is different to Shakespeare’s Hamlet because of a number of reasons. A writer will sometimes create a character who is put into the story to provide a contrast or comparison with the main character. Such a character may be placed into a similar situation as the main character, but react differently, in order to show how much better or worse he/she is than the main character. This kind of character is called a foil. In the storyRead MoreFortinbras in Hamlet by William Shakespeare691 Words   |  3 Pageshave no major role in Shakespeare’s plays, they have some type of significance. In Hamlet, one of these characters is Fortinbras. The character of Fortinbras is someone with an extremely similar background to the protagonist of the play, Hamlet. One might say that Fortinbras and Hamlet are parallel versions of each other, being in the same situation even though they have a different lineage. Though he is only mentioned a few times throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Fortinbras has a very important roleRead MoreCharacters Of William Shakespe are s Hamlet886 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, some specific characteristics of Hamlet’s peers help to show the character of Hamlet to the audience. Horatio supports every bold decision Hamlet makes, and is an authentic loyal friend. Fortinbras is a foil perceived in the play, and he wants to avenge his father s death. Laertes, Polonius’s son and Ophelia’s brother, is passionate and impulsive, who is also identified as Hamlet’s foil. As Shakespeare reveal Horatio’s, Laertes’, and Fortinbras’ traits he also showsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet996 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout many of William’s Shakespeare’s plays, Shakespeare creates distinguished characters that serve as foils to the title characters. In Romeo and Juliet, the unseen Rosaline and the conventional Parris contrast with the heavily featured Juliet and her unpredictable partner, Romeo. In Macbeth, the decisive Lady Macbeth contrasts with her indecisive husband, Macbeth. In Hamlet, Shakespeare creates one of his most polarizing title characters. Detailing Hamlet’s quest to avenge his father’s deathRead MoreEssay On Happy Ending In Hamlet775 Words   |  4 Pagesgrand scheme of things, just as there are more complicated equations in mathematics as one progresses in school, there are more complicated elements in a story as we look to dig deeper into literature. A story that has a complex happy ending is Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the story of a man seeking revenge on his family that has caused him much despair. If we look at this play in a simple manner, we will probably not look at the ending as happy ending as our beloved characters die, however, this is looking

Characteristics Of The Nile River - 733 Words

Ancient Egyptians were a very advanced and thriving civilisation based along the banks of the Nile River. Developing a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet is proof of their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. They developed a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet. This is proof of their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. The Nile River attracted animal life such as birds and fish. Although Egypt was very innovative and creative they would not have survived without the Nile River. Without it, ancient Egypt would have never existed and would just be a piece of deserted†¦show more content†¦Continuing why the Nile River was the most important reason that made Egypt prosperous was because the river provided the civilization with necessities such as the yearly inundation. This left black slit that was excellent soil for farming. The river also attracted animal life such as birds and fish. Because the River Nile provided the nourishing soil this meant that many farming jobs could be obtained by ancient Egyptians. It also provided water which was essential as the Egypt receives little rain the River Nile is also a necessary factor for providing water which is the main component for human survival. Moreover, the River Nile supplied water which was used for washing and bathing and it allowed Egyptians to maintain their personal hygiene and prevent diseases from spreading. Although ancient Egypt was very successful however it was not only the River Nile that was the main factor. It ensured that the society would be unified following one belief and would not conflict with other religious beliefs. The ancient Egyptians devoted their lives to honouring their gods and goddesses through rituals and building temples to honour them. Egyptians believed that the Nile god, Hapi was the creator of all life around the River Nile and also the god of the annual inundation. Artists pictured him with a large belly and female breasts to symbolise fertility of the Nile and blue to green skin, symbolising the water he would bringShow MoreRelatedEarly Civilizations : Ancient Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pagesadvancement. In order to advance, certain techniques and characteristics have to be combined and manipulated to achieve this progression. â€Å"A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a variety of common elements.† Examples of these early civilizations that used similar characteristics to flourish were the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and the Egyptians in Egypt. A civilization is formed by several characteristics. The most important being the need for a sufficient groupRead MoreEgyptian Culture : Egyptian Cultural Awareness1013 Words   |  5 PagesSHAUN MOORE ALC 13D30 CLASS 005-17 SGL: SSG PAIGE, LLOYD Cultures around the world are based around at least five of the same cultural characteristics which include beliefs, customs, language, religion, and laws. These characteristics are the foundation of each country. (n.d.). Retrieved May 07, 2017, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-five-basic-characteristics-of-cultures.html Culture, is comprised of the beliefs, customs, arts, and the way of life of a particular society, group, place, orRead MoreHistorical Characteristics Of Ancient Egypt Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagessurrounded by and impacted by the Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, and running through the civilization is the Nile River. These geographical characteristics play a vital role in the development of the politics, religion, and architecture of the ancient Egypt civilization. Before explaining the developments of these disciplines of ancient Egypt, these geographical characteristics and their general impact on this civilization must be explained. About 95 percent of Egypt’s population was concentratedRead MoreTrends in Ancient Civilizations1234 Words   |  5 Pagesand characteristics like geography, how they developed, social classes and hierarchies, and religion. Although all ancient civilizations deserve to be analyzed, Mesopotamia and Egypt are particularly interesting when studying these common patterns. Geography is one of the most vital characteristics that all ancient civilizations have in common. They all settled by rivers. Mesopotamians settled by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and the Egyptians settled by the Nile River. Living by a river hasRead MoreEssay On Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia867 Words   |  4 Pagesmost ancient civilizations settled on rivers, each one tended to be different due to the characteristics of their nearby rivers. Two civilizations that differed significantly from one another were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Not only are the rivers of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt seemingly perfect to compare, but the two civilizations also existed around the same time as one another; meaning that the overall impact of their respective rivers on their societies can truly be observedRead MoreEgypt: the Five Themes of Geography1416 Words   |  6 Pagesright through the middle of Egypt is the Nile River, the feature that made the Nile what it i s today and in the past. Location is a major aspect of Egypt’s history. Egypt’s rich location placed it within the fertile and prosperous region of the Nile River Valley. Region is a territory or area that has common physical or human features. The region of Egypt is located in Northeastern Africa, near Europe and Asia. It is in the oasis of the desert, the Nile River Valley. There were many natural resourcesRead MoreAncient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia - Comparative Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesalthough similar, are different as a result of one major natural resource: a river. Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were an agricultural based society that believed in the existence of many deities; however, they differed in the aspect of how they evolved as an agricultural society and whether they feared or praised their gods. Mesopotamia, also known as the Fertile Crescent, was located inside the Euphrates and Tigris River. The fertile land was a home to the many city-states. Although the city-statesRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilizations On Egypt And Mesopotamia1530 Words   |  7 Pagessimilarities and differences between both of these countries as well. In both cases, it was the river valley and geography that affected the agriculture, religious views, and government structures. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization developed in the Middle East and were located by the river. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates, while Egypt was located near the Nile River. Due to the location of these civilizations, they relied heavily on its surrounding environmentsRead MoreDifferences Between Mesopotamia And Egypt1337 Words   |  6 Pagesand Euphrates rivers. They did this, most likely because farming was only possible with good irrigation. Also because the rivers had a good supply of fish. H owever, even though the rivers provided all of this, they caused a great amount of destruction and death with unpredictable floods. The geography of Egypt affected the people their much differently. The Nile river was very fertile and easy to farm because the Nile flooded very predictably, unlike the rivers of Mesopotamia. The Nile made it easyRead MoreImpressionist Artists: Jane Peterson1002 Words   |  4 Pagesher with the subject matter for multiple paintings including Boats on the Nile, Dawn. Key elements of the impressionistic style in Boats on the Nile, Dawn include heavy brushstrokes and vibrant colors. This painting portrays a sunrise at dawn with â€Å"two traditional Egyptian sailboats known as, â€Å"feluccas, gliding along the Nile (4).† Boats on the Nile, Dawn is a landscape painting of two sailboats at sunrise on the Nile River in Egypt. It is square shaped, about three by three feet, in a thick gold

Clinical Placement A Case Study

Questions: While on clinical placement a case study is to be conducted of an acutely ill patient whom the student is caring for at their placement venue. This patient could be in accident and emergency, intensive care, operating theatre or recovery room, or a patient on a medical or surgical ward who is post major surgery or has a complex medical condition. The condition may be a chronic illness that has caused an acute hospital admission. Note: The patient does NOT necessarily have to be critically ill or requiring a rapid response call. 1. Assessment findings and abnormalities are to be discussed in relation to the underlying pathophysiology of the causal disease process or processes Note: Pathophysiology means changes in physiological function related to disease; it does NOT relate only to blood test results. 2. From the assessment identify the three (3) highest priority nursing problems or potential problems relevant at the time of the assessment and your nursing goal/goals for each, includ ing set measureable outcome criteria. 3. Discuss a plan of nursing care for the patient at the time you are caring for them that addresses the identified nursing problems. The planned nursing interventions should be detailed and supported by rationales and reference to nursing research and best practice literature. They may include nursing management of ordered medical therapies, such as medication and fluid management. 4. The patients outcome should be evaluated in relation to the set nursing goals. This evaluation should be a realistic discussion of the patients progress towards the set goals during the time that you were involved in the patients care. Answers: 1. Condition of patient comprise of three main complaints, which are (Combes, 2012): Increase breathing work Chest tightness and congestion Feeling inadequate air supply, that not getting adequate oxygen The condition mainly links with the impaired venous return and endothelial dysfunction. The respiratory system fails in performing either efficient gas exchange, with (i) oxygenation of mixed venous blood or (ii) elimination of carbon dioxide. In other words, the condition refers to lowering of pO2 or increase of pCO2 in comparison to barometric pressure. The pathophysiology hence associated with any of the following region (Markou, Myrianthefs Baltopoulos, 2004): Lowering fraction of inspired oxygen Hypoventilation Mismatch in ventilation-perfusion, which results in a change of respiratory pattern Problem with respect to shunt functioning Impairment of diffusion Desaturation condition for mixed venous return The result of these altered physiological functioning reflects in, obstructive diseases such as emphysema or bronchiectasis. Likewise, interstitial lung diseases are also concerned in such cases. Diminishing of cardiac output also contributes to making the lung perfusion poor with acute pulmonary emboli. It is also important to note that often acute pulmonary hypertension with less perfusion of non-gravity dependent lung is linked to the pathophysiology (Force, 2012). Impaired diffusion links with the impairment of partial tension between alveolus and erythrocytes. In a normal patient, this is achieved with respect to the transaction of red blood cells to one-third of the length of the capillary. Hence the equilibration with respect to CO2 will be rapider, and thus the diffusion across the capillary membrane becomes 20 times faster with for the O2. Reduction of permeability of gas or thickening of alveolar-capillary is also linked in such cases. These conditions are often referred to as Alveolar- capillary block. Limitation of diffusion often offers inefficiency in gas-exchange and that the oxygen desaturation becomes common (Sun, Wei Liu, 2015). Low cardiac output in such condition also contributes to desaturation of mixed blood, where concentration of hemoglobin becomes less. On the contrary, the oxygen consumption by the peripheral tissues also increases. pO2 remains unaffected in this condition, only if there is access to ventilated alveoli and oxygenation of the mixed venous blood. In the present case, the patient has abnormal V-Q or shunt functioning. Hence, the deterioration of gas exchange becomes common and reflects in terms of venous desaturation with respect to pO2. 2. The first challenge is to rectify the condition of respiratory failure. Increase of work for breathing is the main requirement for this condition in COPD. The increase in breathing work is a reflection of increased airway obstruction and resistive load. Natural exacerbation with increase in breath shortness, and the presence of sputum production is common in such scenario. The management of such condition can be rectified with respect to use of inhalation of corticosteroids, 2 agonist (Lim, 2012). Another problem is infection in the patient since there is fever in the patient, thus infection chances are more, that can further lead to impairment in lung functioning. Such complication can be managed with optimum use of antibiotics, which will combat the fever condition. Apart from that, antibiotics are also helpful in controlling the sputum production and preventing various kind of disability. Impairment in circulation is also one of the challenges to nurses, for health restoration and care management. The mainstream symptom associated with this is acute pulmonary edema. Management is possible with supplementation of oxygen and non-invasive ventilation (Sun, Wei Liu, 2015). 3. Clinical manifestation of the patient with presented symptoms and complications, largely dependent on the underlying pathophysiology and its associated consequences. The condition of the patient demonstrates labored respiration which also includes tachypnea, tachycardia, and tremulousness. Speech, in this case, will also be broken into two to three-word sentences. The immediate requirement for patient care is intubation and positive pressure ventilation. The impedance in cardiopulmonary arrest demands for an immediate intervention for which delay may cause serious deterioration condition. The clinical assessment of the patient condition requires following evaluation (Lim, 2012; Force, 2012; Sun, Wei Liu, 2015): Mental status is it important to communicate with the family member (husband of the patient in this case) and identify all the information prior to admission in an emergency department. Furthermore, drowsiness, fatigue and faintness of patient should be identified for immediate measures. Frequency of respiration and heart rate tachypnea and tachycardia are the measures of severity in the present case. Other terminal events linked with the situation are fall in respiratory rate and gasping, which in other words also refers to respiratory arrest. Intervention in this regard is thus important for identification of crucial care requirements. The sign of respiratory load can be assessed with respect to respiratory alterations. In such situation, the respiratory movement aligns with abdominal movement for few breaths. Afterward, the respiratory movement functions mainly in the series with the rib cage movements. Collectively, such respiratory movement is indicative of the increase in respiratory pattern. Pattern of respiration shallowness in respiratory effect, which is often rapid in nature, retraction of sternal physiology and important to check. Also, use of accessory muscles in respiration and Hoover sign are crucial indicative to check in the present case. Movement of the diaphragm, which in clinical terms refers to as thoracoabdominal paradoxical movement is necessary to consider for assessment. Typically the diaphragm should move to cranial direction where the movement of the abdomen should be inward with the inspiration. Such movement is the marking that reflect proper functioning of the diaphragm with respect to the fatiguing load. Inspection of skin, lips, nail beds, and tongue are important. Also, the assessment of the cyanosis condition is crucial in the present case. Cardiovascular assessment also constitutes an important counterpart. Since tachycardia also accompanies the shortening of respiration, thus checking the pulmonary auscultation is important. Other case, if the also worthy to discuss with other health care professionals and go for assessment of cardiac auscultation. Sign for cor pulmonale should be identified, in this case. These include peripheral edema checking, dilated jugular veins, hepato-jugular sign, and other similar conditions. Often these conditions are linked with several disease specific clues, which are possible to explore with the help of physical examination. The assessment for disease-specific trait should include examination for neuromuscular disorder, muscular atrophy and patient ability to breathe deeply. Often the condition of COPD is linked with hyper-expansion of thorax, deep and prolonged expiration in conjunction with pursed lip condition, wheezing, and energetic expiration which is protracted in nature. Along with the illustrated assessment goals, it is also necessary for nurses to refer to the therapeutic target in order to improve patient condition. These include the following considerations (Combes, Brchot, Luyt Schmidt, 2012): Contribution towards the precipitation factor is important. It also includes the reversion of the underlying pathological condition. These includes measures for increasing the elastic load and resistive load. Oxygen therapy is essential to control the arterial hypoxemia. The said measure is also effective in terms of controlling the life-threatening condition of stressful breathing. Antibiotics and corticosteroid should be administered. The condition of the patient also includes a fever, agitation, vigorous shortening of breath, and marked reduction in oxygen consumption. Hence, these medication measurements are effective to control such situation. Optimization of oxygen transport is important. Such measure can be made effective using intervention related to improvement in cardiac output or transfusion of red blood cells. Immediate target for relieving the complicated conditions in the patient include certain measure, which should be brought into care by nurse. Evidence-based nursing approach is effective in such condition, where precise measures should be adopted with through discussion. The immediate target includes: Bronchodilation Control of mucus secretion and any probable infection Chest wall stabilization is necessary. It will also reduce the burden of forced respiration and corresponding stress O2 therapy is essential, in this case, which require critical control to meet the oxygen demand of the physiological system. Avoiding the drugs, which depress breathing or respiratory functioning. It is important to note that often drugs cause reversal of their effect after the t1/2, which should be monitored by a nurse upon drug administration. 4. Nurse should monitor the criteria for the tolerance to the present condition of patient. More importantly, the below-mentioned points are also reflective of the condition for improvement in patient condition, with respect to the intervention and medication approach (Goodacre, 2014). Oxygenation rate should be near to the acceptable limit, which include saturated pressure of oxygen as sO2 90 %, with partial pressure pO2as 60 mmHg. Acceptable level of ventilation include the criteria such as an increase in partial pressure of CO2 with a level of pCO2 10 mmHg and that the systemic pH should decrease with a value of 0.10. Respiratory rate should be in a range of 35 breaths per minute (rate). Heart rate should be in a range of 140 beats per min with an increase of 20 % compared to baseline heart rate. Systolic blood pressure should be in a range of 80 90 mmHg and 160 180 mmHg. Notably, the change should be reflective of an increase of 20 % compared to baseline systolic blood pressure. The respiratory rate or tidal volume in respiration should be 100 breaths per min. The effectiveness of the treatment and care management approach is indicative of no signs of elevated breathing or forceful respiration. These are also indicative of no thoracoabdominal paradox and no use of accessory muscle in respiration. Other than this, there should be no sign of distress including absence of diaphoresis and agitation. References: Combes, A., Brchot, N., Luyt, C. E., Schmidt, M. (2012). What is the niche for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome? Current opinion in critical care, 18(5), 527-532. Force, A. D. T. (2012). Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Jama, 307(23), 2526-2533. Goodacre, S., Stevens, J. W., Pandor, A., Poku, E., Ren, S., Cantrell, A., ... Plaisance, P. (2014). Prehospital Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure: Systematic Review, Network Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis, and Individual Patient Data Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis. Academic Emergency Medicine, 21(9), 960-970. Lim, W. J., Mohammed Akram, R., Carson, K. V., Mysore, S., Labiszewski, N. A., Wedzicha, J. A., ... Smith, B. J. (2012). Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of asthma. The Cochrane Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004360.pub4/full Markou, N. K., Myrianthefs, P. M., Baltopoulos, G. J. (2004). Respiratory failure: an overview. Critical care nursing quarterly, 27(4), 353-379. Sun, Y. Q., Wei, Q., Liu, Z. (2015). Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined With Respiratory Failure. American journal of therapeutics. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25768378